Using The Search Bar
The "Search Bar" is divided into three sections: 1 - The search argument section ; 2 - The search submit button ; 3 - The search site selection dropdown .
The current (hidden) search engine, that is hard coded, is the Bing.com/search site. This will eventually change to allow selection of different search engine.
The "site selection" dropdown allows the selection of several different sites on which to focus the search argument.
The search argument can be tailored to your specific needs. As an example your search argument will end up looking something like "site:nih.gov cancer vitamin c prostate." You can select another site and try your argument again and get different results.
I'm providing this tool, because it eliminates a lot of the SPOAFStating Personal Opinion As Fact websites that are popping up, and are filled with ads, and are just there to make money off the ads.
On some some sites you may have to reply to the simple CAPTCHA to continue. It's their way to prevent BOTSBOTS is short for roBOTS F7-1
If you would like to format your own search argument for a different site here is an example you can use: (it will require you to respond to the CAPTCHA.)
DISCLAIMER:THIS PAGE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE MEDICAL ADVICE!
Hovering over words, or phrases, that have a background color will display more information.
Dosage Calculator Top Return Do NOT use the information on this page as medical advise!
The data on this page is gathered from various sources and presented here for your use.
Propylene Glycol in an ingredient in the both products mentioned on this page, so if there is a chance you might have AGS, you should consider NOT taking these products just to get the Ivermectin
Please contact me if you find data that is incorrect.
Enter your weight in pounds in the yellow box. Then click (or tap) on the calculate button.Return
Caution - The dosage in pink is not recommended without the advice of a doctor!
There are predominantly two dosage ratios (200mcg/kg and 400mcg/kg) mentioned in many papers3, 18, 43
The aggressive dose may be administered orally once per day for 4 days. The first daily dose will put a percentage of the peak level of that dose into your system within a few minutes. The level in your system will then decline. At about 18 hours the level in your system will decline to 50% of the peak dose, and will continue to decline until you take the next dose.
When you take the next dose, the same effect happens, but this time the peak dose will be added to the residual that is left in your system from the previous dose(s). This same thing will happen after each dose.
The limit of the peaks will be reached after the 4th dose, which should be your last dose of the "agressive" dosage for the week.
Drug Half-Life Calculator Top Return Following is a Half-Life Calculator where you can enter your calculated dose (from above). Enter the half-life of Ivermectin (18 hours). Enter how often you wish to take the dose (agressive = every 24 hours, prophylactic = 168 hours).
Input Variables Top Return Half-life:
If taken regularly
Time between doses:
Stabilized daily min–max (sum of residuals):
To ramp up to maximum level (within the percentage above):
Ramp up details
To ramp back down from maximum (within the percentage above):
If taken once
Time for one isolated dose to drop within the percentage above:
Level after 24 hours, for one isolated dose:
Sources of Ivermectin Top Return I have stopped taking the Durvet product since I was diagnosed with alpha-gal.
I am now taking a compounded 20 mg dose daily.
I was prescribed the Ivermectin by my doctor and got the prescription filled by CareFirst Specialty Pharmacy .
Durvet Image The brand I was using Sold at Tractor Supply
I purchased the 250ml bottle for $79.99 and expect it to last at least a year.
That puts my cost at $0.32 USD per ml. or $0.64 USD per dose for my weight.
Noromectrin (Green Label) I do NOT recommended this product for human consumption! I believe the Clorsulon in this product represents a significant danger to those who have any sensitivity to sulfonamide drugs.
I am still researching this product. I will update as I gather information.
This product is sold at my local MFA
Sourced from India company Ivermectin Tablet - Uses, Side Effects, Composition & Price This is a website in India with info that can be used to comparison shop.
Shop around and you can find IVM (Ivermectin) as low as $.02 USD per 12mg tablet.
The chart, shown at the "pacehospital" website, indicates the price can vary from about $0.30 to $4.07 per dose.
Update: I contacted supplier in India and the cost for 1 box (200 12mg tablets) with shipping and customs would be $89.00 USD. That's $0.44 per dose.
Horse Paste from Various Sources:
The normal dose of ivermectin for deworming a horse is typically 200 micrograms (µg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight. This translates to about 91 micrograms per pound (lb). Note that 200 µg/kg is the same as the calculator uses as a prophylactic dose.
For most commercial ivermectin paste formulations for horses, which are usually at a concentration of 1.87%, one syringe generally contains enough paste to treat a horse weighing up to 1250 pounds at this recommended dose. The syringe is calibrated with markings for every 250 pounds of body weight, allowing for accurate dosing based on the horse's weight.
Here's how it works:
Each notch on the syringe typically delivers enough paste to treat 250 lbs of horse body weight.
If your horse weighs 1000 pounds, you would adjust the plunger to the 1000-pound mark or the fourth notch from the bottom.
If your horse only weighs 125 pounds, you would only use 1/2 of one notch.
It's important to ensure you get the horse's weight as accurately as possible, either by using a weight tape or a scale, to avoid underdosing or overdosing. Underdosing can lead to ineffective treatment, while overdosing can cause toxicity, though ivermectin has a relatively wide safety margin in horses when used appropriately.
The bottom line is: Know what you're doing before you do it!
Information About Ivermectin Top Return
CDC says it should be used for scabies and worms.1
May shorten duration of Covid-19.2 , 6
May participate in the war against cancers (prostate, breast, ovarian, leukemia)3, 55 In vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of ivermectin.4
Ivermectin-induced drug reaction5, 6
Associated with lower Covid-19 mortality.7
A new tool to eliminate malaria?27 A possible weapon against West Nile Virus?26
Nobel prizes awarded for discovery and practical use of Ivermectin. 12, 40
South Carolina Dept. of Health tries to bury the truth of Ivermectin. 39
2023 study finds IVM not effective as COVID treatment45
2019 FDA approved 1% Ivermectin for treatment of rosacea in adults.53, 54,
2024 Ivermectin shows promise of improved Covid survival rates.56
2024 Ivermectin may have therapeutic benefits for IPF.58
2023 Eprinomectin: a derivative of ivermectin suppresses growth and metastatic phenotypes of prostate cancer cells59
2023 FDA capitulates on some Ivermectin positions and comments60
2021 Ivermectin is known to inhibit the replication of flavivirus.61
2019 Significant reduction in bed bug population after insects feed on blood of person that has taken only 1 dose of Ivermectin.62
2024 Mosquitocidal effect of ivermectin-treated nettings and sprayed walls on Anopheles gambiae s.s.63
2011 Ivermectin, ‘Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective.64
2022 Usual safe medication doses of Ivermectin drug in human beings is 0.2–0.4 mg/kg.65
2014 Severe clinical manifestation of demodex mites may require Ivermectin.67
Experiences with Ivermectin
Personal
After the first dose, I experienced slight symptoms of vertigo and a short period (about an hour) of very slightly blurred vision (not anywhere near like removing my glasses).
Dose 2, 3 and 4 on days 2, 3 and 4, each precipitated similar vertigo symptoms, although with shorter and less intense symptoms each successive day.
My 5th dose was taken 168 hours (1 week) after number 4 dose and there were no side effects experienced.
Dose #6 was taken 168 hours after dose #5. No side effects noted.
Case studies
Report of DRESS symptoms5
References: Top Return
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
2006 Mar: A case of crusted scabies with a bullous pemphigoid-like eruption and nail involvement
Case Study: Patient was diagnosed as having crusted scabies with bullous pemphigoid-like eruptions and nail involvement.
prescribed oral ivermectin (two doses of 12 mg ivermectin with a 1-week interval) and topical lindane (1%gamma-BHC in petrolatum) for scabies with 5% salicylic acid in plastibase as an additional treatment for the crusted lesions on his soles. He showed remarkable improvement in 2 weeks, and his nails showed complete recovery after 7 weeks of occlusive dressing treatment with 1%gamma-BHC.
The bullous symptoms of this patient were considered to be due to the scabies, because the patient recovered completely after receiving treatment for scabies. Indirect immunofluorescent study is important to distinguish between scabies with blister formation and true bullous pemphigoid.
Top Return
Added Sep. 29, 2023
CDC - Medications (search for Ivermectin)
About using Permethrin or Ivermectin for treading scabies
Remember, this is on the CDC.gov website.
Permethrin cream 5%: Permethrin is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of scabies in people who are at least 2 months of age.Permethrin is safe and effective with a single application. However, two (or more) applications, each about a week apart, may be necessary to eliminate all mites.
Can be applied to all the body from the neck down.
Wash off after 8 to 14 hours
Oral Ivermectin in not FDA approved for treating scabies
However, topical permethrin and oral ivermectin have similar efficacy for cure of scabies.
If used for classic scabies, two doses of oral ivermectin (200µg/kg/dose) should be taken with food, each 7 to 14 days apart.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023: Updated Oct. 2 2023
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Ivermectin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, is a rare, potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction with an estimated mortality rate up to 10%.
These adverse reactions occur within 7 days of the administration of ivermectin and are likely related to the intensity of the filarial (parasite) infection and the release of parasite antigen. Since the eosinophilEosinophils are one of several white blood cells that support your immune system. They're part of your body's defense system against allergens and help protect your body from fungal and parasitic infections. Certain medical conditions and medications can cause high eosinophil counts. storm is likely caused by the dying parasites causing an avalanch of lymphosites, is this where control points should be established?
Might the Mazzotti effect also be triggered by large populations of bacteri and viruses?
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Ivermectin shows that it decreases a given Covid viral colony by 5000 fold withing 48 hours after application.
My Comment Added Dec. 16 2024:
To express a 5000-fold reduction in viral RNA:
In Log Nomenclature:
A reduction by a factor of 5000 corresponds to a decrease in the logarithmic scale.
Since log reduction is typically expressed in base 10:
A factor of 10 reduction is 1 log (or 1 log10 reduction).
A 100-fold reduction is 2 logs (or 2 log10 reduction).
A 1000-fold reduction is 3 logs (or 3 log10 reduction).
Therefore, a 5000-fold reduction in viral RNA corresponds to:
3.7 logs (since log10(5000) ≈ 3.7)
In Percent:
To convert this to a percentage reduction:
A 5000-fold reduction means that for every 5000 units of viral RNA initially present, you now have 1 unit.
The percentage reduction can be calculated as:
Percentage Reduction=(1−1/5000)×100%
This simplifies to:
Percentage Reduction=(1−0.0002)×100%=99.98%
So, a 5000-fold reduction in viral RNA corresponds to:
A 99.98% reduction in viral RNA levels.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
2012 Ivermectin Inhibits Growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in Epithelial Cells
Here we show that ivermectin also inhibits infection of epithelial cells by the bacterial pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, at doses that could be envisioned clinically for sexually-transmitted or ocular infections by Chlamydia.
For use in humans as an anti-helminthic, ivermectin is typically received orally at a dose of 150 µg/kg body weight, and peak plasma concentrations from such dosage reach around 60 nM
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
1996 Ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected with Onchocerca volvulus
The plasma levels for patients, after 5.2 hours, peaked at 52.0 ng/ml. The elimination half life was 35.0 h;
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
2023 Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin metabolites and their activity against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes
Survival of malaria transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes is strongly decreased after feeding on humans recently treated with ivermectin. Currently, mass drug administration of ivermectin is under investigation as a potential novel malaria vector control tool to reduce Plasmodium transmission by mosquitoes. A "post-ivermectin effect" has also been reported, in which the survival of mosquitoes remains reduced even after ivermectin is no longer detectable in blood meals.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Ivermectin plasma concentration
Ivermectin’s impact on mosquito mortality is directly related to the time there is a lethal concentration in the blood
The longer the drug remains in the blood, the more mosquitoes it will kill or disable. Any increase in duration of mosquitocidal concentrations is expected to contribute to additional mortality. Modelling shows that the time the drug remains in blood above mosquito-killing levels is the parameter that drives impact on transmission [50].
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Use of ivermectin for the management of scabies in a nursing home
Abstract:
Ivermectin was used for the treatment of a scabies outbreak in a nursing home. Among the 128 residents, 42 presented pruritus or cutaneous lesions and scabies was parasitologically demonstrated in seven patients. All residents were treated with two 12 mg doses of ivermectin given two weeks apart. Ivermectin treatment associated with procedures for environmental disinfection led to the control of the outbreak. In only one case, was there a failure of the treatment. It is concluded that oral ivermectin is an effective and practical therapy for scabies in nursing homes.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
A five-day course of ivermectin may reduce the duration of COVID-19 illness
The highest dose of ivermectin that we have used in our study is 12 mg (200 µg/kg) once daily for 5 consecutive daysNote: This dose is calculated for a 133 pound person. , which resulted in a significantly shorter time for viral clearance. Viral clearance was earlier in the 5-day ivermectin treatment arm when compared with the placebo group (9.7 days vs 12.7 days; p = 0.02), but this was not the case for the ivermectin + doxycycline arm (11.5 days; p = 0.27). Similarly, clinical trials with a 3-day, once-daily dose of 400 µg/kg oral ivermectin in dengue patients has been shown to be safe, with accelerated clearance of the dengue virus nonstructural protein 1
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment
FDA-approved anti-parasite drug ivermectin is also an antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer agent, which offers more potentiality to improve global public health, and it can effectively inhibit the replication of SARtarget="_blank"S-CoV-2 in vitro
The findings in this study demonstrate the broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin benefiting for COVID-19 treatment in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in virus-related diseases.
Viruses mentioned:
HCMV Mayo HPV Mayo EBV VWH HIV-1 NIH
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
“Doctor, I have a Sulfa Allergy”: Clarifying the Myths of Cross-Reactivity
Sulfonamide antibiotic reactions encompass the entire spectrum of 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Type 1 hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and may include an anaphylactic sequelae. (Interpretation: Anaphylactic shock is possible.)
Type 2 reactions involve antibody-mediated cytotoxic cellular injury that may result in various cytopenias. (Interpretation: A soldier of your immune system targets an undesirable cell, then attacks it, glues itself to the enemy cell, then destroys it. Cytopenia means the attack is now destroying even your red blood cells.)
Type 3 and type 4 hypersensitivity results in the formation of antigen–antibody immune complexes or a delayed T cell-mediated reaction, respectively, either of which may progress to the life-threatening Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. (Interpretation: Your immune system goes into tornado mode and starts destroying anything that it thinks could possibly be an enemy cell, even to the point of killing the host body.)
Top Return Added Sept. 29 2023:
Ivermectin-Clorsulon Overdose in Attempting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prophylaxis: A Case Report
I believe the conclusion of this study should be challenged. Is it more likely this woman suffered an anaphlyactic response to the Clorsulon, possibly exacerbated by an eosinophil storm, described as a DRESS event?
My Question: Because Clorsulon is a sulfonamide, is it possible a hypersensitivity reaction was triggered?
Yes, because Clorsulon is a sulfonamide, it is possible that a hypersensitivity reaction could be triggered. Sulfonamide antibiotics are known to cause a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from benign rashes to severe cutaneous adverse reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The potential for hypersensitivity reactions with sulfonamides is well-documented, with an incidence of adverse reactions in approximately 3% of the general population, and much higher in patients with conditions like HIV. While Clorsulon is primarily used as an antiparasitic agent, its sulfonamide structure means it shares common characteristics with sulfonamide antimicrobials, which could theoretically lead to cross-reactivity in individuals with a history of sulfonamide hypersensitivity. However, specific data on Clorsulon's hypersensitivity potential might be less extensive since it is not as widely used or studied as some other sulfonamide drugs.nih-1, sci-1
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Ringworm-like skin lesion is not always tinea
Treatment with topical ivermectin 10 mg/g (1%) cream once daily resulted in an almost complete clinical resolution after 15 days [Figure - 4], but direct microscopy was still positive. Maintenance of the treatment for 2 months led to clinical and direct microscopic clearance at follow-up visit, with no relapses in the following 6 months.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
Mechanisms of ivermectin-induced wound healing
Ivermectin promotes wound healing partly through modulation of the inflammatory process and the levels of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Low doses of ivermectin cream have the potential to be used in treating wounds with minimal scar tissue formation.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
IVERMECTIN ACTIVITY IN TREATMENT OF CATTLE DERMATOPYHTOSIS.
The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of
cattle ringworm in native dairy farms of Diyala governorate, and the
distribution of T. verrucosum and treatment of the infection in the bovine by
ivermectin
Results: Statistical analysis reveals significantly less clearance time (50%) when ivermectin is used instead of topical antifungal 1% sulpher ointment in treating the disease. With less time of 13-24 days compared to 30-40 days. The treatment of ringworm disease in cattle with clearance rate of 100% is achieved using Ivermectin.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023: Updated Oct. 02 2023
2021 Jan.: The broad spectrum host-directed agent ivermectin as an antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 ?
Ivermectin as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 in humans has already been approved in a number of states and countries, including the Republic of Peru [44] and Northeastern Beni region of Bolivia [45]. Importantly, close to 70 trials worldwide are currently testing the clinical benefit of ivermectin to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 (see Table 3);
What does "host-directed" really mean? It means the therapy (in this case, Ivermectin) is directed at the host (you), in order to change the environment in which a virus in located. This makes the host an inhospitable place to live and inhibits its ability to replicate.
Starting in 2012, ivermectin’s antiviral properties have been progressively documented towards a number of RNA viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, influenza, flaviruses such as dengue and Zika, and most notably, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
4 ,
5 ,
7 ,
8 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 ,
12 ,
13 ,
14 ,
15 ,
16 ,
17 ,
as well as DNA viruses such as pseudorabies, polyoma and adenoviruses
18 ,
19 ,
20
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
2016: Ivermectin induces PAK1-mediated cytostatic autophagy in breast cancer
Avermectin is a potent broad-spectrum parasiticidal drug, the discovery of which led to the award of the 2015 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Its derivative, ivermectin, has recently been reported to be a potential anticancer agent against colon cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, and leukemia. Our recent study demonstrates that ivermectin also exerts a promising anticancer effect for breast cancer as evidenced by marked growth inhibition after 24-h treatment with ivermectin in a range of breast cancer cell lines, with no obvious effects on nontumorigenic human breast cells. The anticancer activity of ivermectin was further confirmed in both mouse subcutaneous xenografts and orthotopic breast cancer models.
Top Return
Added Sept. 29 2023:
2006 Mar.: A case of crusted scabies with a bullous pemphigoid-like eruption and nail involvement
Case Study: Patient was diagnosed as having crusted scabies with bullous pemphigoid-like eruptions and nail involvement
prescribed oral ivermectin (two doses of 12 mg ivermectin with a 1-week interval) and topical lindane (1%gamma-BHC in petrolatum) for scabies with 5% salicylic acid in plastibase as an additional treatment for the crusted lesions on his soles. He showed remarkable improvement in 2 weeks, and his nails showed complete recovery after 7 weeks of occlusive dressing treatment with 1%gamma-BHC.
The bullous symptoms of this patient were considered to be due to the scabies, because the patient recovered completely after receiving treatment for scabies. Indirect immunofluorescent study is important to distinguish between scabies with blister formation and true bullous pemphigoid.
Top Return
Added Oct. 23 2023:
2019 Feb. New indications for topical ivermectin 1% cream: a case series study
Topical ivermectin is an effective treatment for inflammatory papulopustular rosacea in adults. Positive therapeutic effects of ivermectin due to its potential anti-inflammatory properties could be achieved in the other facial dermatoses.
In December 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 1% ivermectin cream for treatment of rosacea in adults while the first European approval was obtained in March 2015.
Top Return
Added Nov. 26 2023:
Published: 01 September 2022 Integrated analysis reveals FOXA1 and Ku70/Ku80 as targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer
Our findings demonstrate the anticancer effect of ivermectin in prostate cancer, indicating that its use may be a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
Herein, we report the pharmacological effects and targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer.
Ivermectin caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage, and decreased androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells.
Recently, several studies have explored the potential of ivermectin as a new cancer treatment nih-2 ,nat-1 ,nat-2
In breast cancer, ivermectin decreases p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression by promoting its degradation and inducing cell autophagy [aacrj-1 ]
In ovarian cancer, ivermectin can block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis through a Karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1) related mechanism [pnas-1 ].
In leukemia, ivermectin preferentially kills leukemia cells at low concentrations by increasing the influx of chloride ions into cells, which triggers plasma membrane hyperpolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [cas-1 ]
Top Return
Added Mar. 24 2024:
FDA capitulates on some Ivermectin positions and comments
Retire FDA’s Consumer Update entitled, Why You Should Not Use
Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19, originally posted on March 5,
2021, and revised on September 7, 2021 (ECF No. 12, Ex. 1), while
retaining the right to post a revised Consumer Update.
Delete and not republish
(1) FDA’s Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook posts from August 21, 2021 (ECF No. 12, Exs. 4, 5), that read, “You are not a horse. You are not a cow. Seriously, y’all. Stop it.”;
(2) FDA’s Instagram post from August 21, 2021 (ECF No. 12, Ex. 6), that reads, “You are not a horse. Stop it with the #ivermectin. It’s not authorized for treating #COVID.”
(3) FDA’s Twitter post from April 26, 2022 (ECF No. 12, Ex. 7), that reads, “Hold your horses, y’all. Ivermectin may be trending, but it still isn’t authorized or approved to treat COVID-19.”
(4) all other social media posts on FDA accounts that link to Why
You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19 (ECF No. 12,
Ex. 1) .
Top Return
Added Jul. 16 2024:
2024 June: Mosquitocidal effect of ivermectin-treated nettings and sprayed walls on Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Ivermectin (IVM) has been proposed as a new tool for malaria control as it is toxic on vectors feeding on treated humans or cattle.
IVM may have a direct mosquitocidal effect when applied on bed nets or sprayed walls.
The potential for IVM application as a new insecticide for long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) was tested in this proof-of-concept study in a laboratory and semi-field environment.
The results showed a direct mosquitocidal effect of IVM on this mosquito strain as all mosquitoes died by 24 h after exposure to IVM.
Top Return
Added Oct. 13 2024:
Nov. 2023 IVERMECTIN - ivermectin tablet Edenbridge Pharmaceuticals LLC.
Subjects received oral doses of 30 to 120 mg (333 to 2000 mcg/kg) ivermectin in a fasted state or 30 mg (333 to 600 mcg/kg) ivermectin following a standard high-fat (48.6 g of fat) meal
Administration of 30 mg ivermectin following a high-fat meal resulted in an approximate 2.5-fold increase in bioavailability relative to administration of 30 mg ivermectin in the fasted state.
Significant lethality was observed in mice and rats after single oral doses of 25 to 50 mg/kg and 40 to 50 mg/kg, respectively. No significant lethality was observed in dogs after single oral doses of up to 10 mg/kgNote: These are more than 100 times the recommended dose.
Top Return
Added Oct. 17 2024:
Jan. 2014 Human Demodex Mite: The Versatile Mite of Dermatological Importance
After clinical manifestations (of demodex mites), the mites may be temporarily eradicated with topical insecticides, especially crotamiton cream, permethrin cream, and also with topical or systemic metronidazole. In severe cases, such as those with HIV infection, oral ivermectin may be recommended.
Colonization of the skin with Demodex could be a reflection of immune response of the host to organism.
Top Return
Added Nov. 14 2024:
Apr. 2021 Anthelmintics for drug repurposing: Opportunities and challenges
Drug repositioning( SD1 Drug repurposing (DR), also known as drug repositioning or re-profiling, is an approach to identify new therapeutic indications (other than original indications) of an already approved drug.
is defined as a process to identify a new application for drugs.
In 2018 there were 18.1 million new cancer cases. There were also 9.6 million cancer deaths that year.
The development of a new drug takes 10–15 years, and the success rate is negligible (approximately 2%).
There are seven classes of modern anthelmintics
Ivermectin, as a member of MLs, is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system. The blood concentration of the drug reaches the peak 4 h after administration, and after that, the concentration decreases slowly. The metabolites concentration in the blood increases for a longer time when it is compared with the parent compound, which can be resulted from the heterohepatic recycling. The drug can be detected in various sites, including the nodules, and subcutaneous fascia. A single oral dose (12 mg) of ivermectin reaches the peak 8 h after administration in various sites, such as sebum, and forehead, and starts to decrease after 24 h
Top Return
Added Dec. 2 2024:
Dec. 2020 A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness
Ivermectin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-parasitic agent, was found to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in vitro.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the rapidity of viral clearance and safety of ivermectin among adult SARS-CoV-2 patients.
The trial included 72 hospitalized patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, who were assigned to one of three groups:
Oral ivermectin alone (12 mg once daily12 mg once daily is considered the minimal effective prophylactic dose for a person who weighs 133 pounds (see the dosage calculator on this page).
Dosage Calculator
Oral ivermectin in combination with doxycycline (12 mg ivermectin single dose and 200 mg doxycycline on day 1, followed by 100 mg every 12 h for the next 4 days)
A placebo control group.
Clinical symptoms of fever, cough, and sore throat were comparable among the three groups.
Virological clearance was earlier in the 5-day ivermectin treatment arm when compared to the placebo group (9.7 days vs 12.7 days; p = 0.02), but this was not the case for the ivermectin + doxycycline arm (11.5 days; p = 0.27).
There were no severe adverse drug events recorded in the study.
A 5-day course of ivermectin was found to be safe and effective in treating adult patients with mild COVID-19.
Top Return
Added Dec. 16 2024:
2021 May 14; Ivermectin effectively inhibits hepatitis E virus replication, requiring the host nuclear transport protein importin α1
Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, effectively inhibits infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 3 in a range of cell culture models, including hepatic and extrahepatic cells.
Long-term treatment showed no clear evidence of the development of drug resistance.
Gene silencing of importin-α1, a cellular target of ivermectin and a key member of the host nuclear transport complex, inhibited viral replication and largely abolished the anti-HEV effect of ivermectin. What does this mean?The statement indicates that importin-α1 is vital for HEV replication. Ivermectin targets this protein to inhibit viral replication. However, if importin-α1 is silenced (its expression is reduced or eliminated), HEV replication decreases, but so does ivermectin's ability to fight the virus because it can no longer interact with this key protein in its mechanism of action.
Top Return
Added Dec. 16 2024:
2012 Apr 25; Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug
Infection with yellow fever virus (YFV), the prototypic mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes severe febrile disease with haemorrhage, multi-organ failure and a high mortality.
Ivermectin, a broadly used anti-helminthic drug, proved to be a highly potent inhibitor of YFV replication (EC50 values in the sub-nanomolar range).
Moreover, ivermectin inhibited, although less efficiently, the replication of several other flaviviruses, i.e. dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses.
Considering that this well tolerated drug has been licensed for >20years for the treatment of parasitic infections in man, our results provide the prospect of the first specific anti-flavivirus therapy by the off-label use of ivermectin (patent application EP2010/065880).
My Comment Added Dec. 16 2024:
Ivermectin has not been approved by the FDA for use on flaviviruses. Ivermectin is FDA-approved for certain parasitic infections in humans, including strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis, and for various external parasites like head lice when used topically. However, it has not received FDA approval for treating or preventing infections caused by flaviviruses, which include viruses like Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile, and Zika.
Several studies have explored ivermectin's potential antiviral effects against flaviviruses:
In vitro studies have shown that ivermectin can inhibit the replication of flaviviruses like Dengue, Yellow Fever, and West Nile by specifically targeting their NS3 helicase activity, suggesting potential antiviral effects.
Despite these findings, there's a lack of clinical data supporting ivermectin's efficacy against flaviviruses in human patients, and the FDA has not authorized or approved ivermectin for this use.
The discussion around ivermectin's use for various viral infections, including those by flaviviruses, remains largely in the realm of research and has not transitioned to FDA-approved applications for these purposes. The FDA's stance on ivermectin primarily relates to its use in parasitic infections, not viral ones, and any off-label use would not constitute formal FDA approval.
Top Return
Added Jan. 29 2025:
2018 Oct 8; Circulating vitamin D level and mortality in prostate cancer patients: a dose–response meta-analysis
We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018.
Seven eligible cohort studies with 7808 participants were included. The results indicated that higher vitamin D level could reduce the risk of death among prostate cancer patients.
This meta-analysis suggested that higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a reduction of mortality in prostate cancer patients and vitamin D is an important protective factor in the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.
Further dose–response analysis showed that every 20 nmol/L increment in 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a 9% lower risk of all-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality.
Top Return
Added Jan. 29 2025:
2016 Jan 18; Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection
Strongyloidiasis is a gut infection with Strongyloides stercoralis which is common world wide. Chronic infection usually causes a skin rash, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, and respiratory problems, and it can be fatal in people with immune deficiency. It may be treated with ivermectin or albendazole or thiabendazole.
We included seven trials, enrolling 1147 participants, conducted between 1994 and 2011 in different locations (Africa, Southeast Asia, America and Europe).
Top Return
Added Feb. 12, 2025:
2024 Sep; Oral Fenbendazole for Cancer Therapy in Humans and Animals
Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic agent commonly used to treat animal parasitic infections
In humans, other benzimidazoles, such as mebendazole and albendazole, are used as antiparasitic agents
Since fenbendazole is not currently approved by the FDA or EMA, its pharmacokinetics and safety in humans have yet to be well-documented in medical literature
Despite this, insights can be drawn from existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies on its pharmacokinetics
Given the low cost of fenbendazole, its high safety profile, accessibility, and unique anti-proliferative activities, fenbendazole would be the preferred benzimidazole compound to treat cancer
To ensure patient safety in the repurposing use of fenbendazole, it is crucial to perform clinical trials to assess its potential anticancer effects, optimal doses, therapeutic regimen, and tolerance profiles
This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered fenbendazole and its promising anticancer biological activities, such as inhibiting glycolysis, down-regulating glucose uptake, inducing oxidative stress, and enhancing apoptosis in published experimental studies
Additionally, we evaluated the toxicity profile of fenbendazole and discussed possibilities for improving the bioavailability of the drug, enhancing its efficacy, and reducing potential toxicity
Top Return
Added Feb. 12, 2025:
2023 Jan 10; Emerging Perspectives on the Antiparasitic Mebendazole as a Repurposed Drug for the Treatment of Brain Cancers
Repurposing approved non-antitumor drugs is a promising and affordable strategy in drug discovery to identify new therapeutic uses different from the original medical indication that may help increase the number of possible, effective anticancer drugs
The use of drugs in ways other than their original FDA-approved indications could offer novel avenues such as bypassing the chemoresistance and recurrence seen with conventional therapy and treatment; moreover, it can offer a safe and economic strategy for combination therapy
Recent works have demonstrated the anticancer properties of the FDA-approved drug Mebendazole
This synthetic benzimidazole proved effective against a broad spectrum of intestinal Helminthiasis
Mebendazole can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to inhibit the malignant progression of glioma by targeting signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, or invasion/migration, or by increasing the sensitivity of glioma cells to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy Moreover, several preclinical models and ongoing clinical trials explore the efficacy of Mebendazole in multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia, brain cancer, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer
The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of MBZ in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials to suggest possible strategies for safe and economical combinations of anticancer therapies in brain cancer
Mebendazole might be an excellent candidate for the treatment of brain tumors because of its efficacy both when used as monotherapy and in combination as an enhancement to standard chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, due to its effectiveness on tumor angiogenesis inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and targeting of critical pathways involved in cancer such as Hedgehog signaling
Therefore, attention to MBZ repurposing has recently increased because of its potential therapeutic versatility and significant clinical implications, such as reducing medical care costs and optimizing existing therapies
Using new treatments is essential, particularly when current therapeutics for patients with brain cancer fail
Top Return
Added Feb. 12, 2025:
2020 Sep 21;Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug
Summary of the anticancer mechanism of IVM
Mechanism
Cancer type
References
Inhibit Wnt pathway
Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer
[33 ,41 ]
Inhibit Akt/mTOR pathway
Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer, Glioma
[32,60,64]
Inhibit MAPK pathway
Nasopharyngeal carcinomaMelanoma
[69,73]
Inhibit YAP1 protein
Gastric cancer, liver cancer
[39,43]
Inhibit PAK1 protein
Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Melanoma
[32,58,69,73,96]
Inhibit HSP27
Prostate cancer, Lung cancer Colorectal cancer
[50]
Induce mitochondrial dysfunction
Renal cell carcinoma, GliomaLeukemia
[48,53,63]
Inhibit cancer stem cells
Breast cancer
[95,96]
Inhibit p-glycoproteinand MDR protein
Colorectal cancer, Breast cancerLeukemia
[22,104]
Activate P2 × 7 receptor
Breast cancer
[37]
Inhibit SIN3 domain
Breast cancer
[36]
Inhibit DDX23 helicase
Glioma
[66]
Activate chloride channels
Leukemia
[51]
Increase TFE3 Activity
Melanoma
[74]
Inhibit KPNB1 protein
Ovarian cancer
[59]
Top Return
Added Feb. 20, 2025:
2020 Sep 15; Ivermectin as a Broad-Spectrum Host-Directed Antiviral: The Real Deal?
Abstract:
The small molecule macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for parasitic infections, has received renewed attention in the last eight years due to its apparent exciting potential as an antiviral
It was identified in a high-throughput chemical screen as inhibiting recognition of the nuclear localizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein by the host heterodimeric importin (IMP) α/β1 complex, and has since been shown to bind directly to IMPα to induce conformational changes that prevent its normal function in mediating nuclear import of key viral and host proteins
Excitingly, cell culture experiments show robust antiviral action towards HIV-1, dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Pseudorabies virus, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Phase III human clinical trials have been completed for DENV, with >50 trials currently in progress worldwide for SARS-CoV-2
This mini-review discusses the case for ivermectin as a host-directed broad-spectrum antiviral agent for a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2
In the body, but not the abstract.
preliminary results from recently completed study NCT04422561 (Table 2, no. 22), that examines asymptomatic family close contacts of confirmed COVID patients, show that two doses of ivermectin 72 h apart result in only 7.4% of 203 subjects reporting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in stark contrast to control untreated subjects, of whom 58.4% reported symptoms, underlining ivermectin’s potential as a prophylactic.