I installed mine on May 16, 2024 at 12:28 PM.
After watching my CGM numbers bounce around, I found myself asking: In an individual, is there a way to tell if glucose regulation is being affected more by slow insulin production response or higher resistance to the insulin being produced?
There is no easy answer, because there is no single test that will expose either situation.
However, there are a combination of tests and observations that may provide a some insight:
Although it doesn't differentiate between insulin production or insulin resistance, this test measures blood sugar levels after not eating for at least 8 to 16 hours. A higher than normal FPG can indicate impaired fasting glucose (IFG)4 or even diabetes..
This test reflects average blood sugar control over the past 2-3 months. While not a diagnostic tool on its own, a high HbA1c suggests chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
Measuring fasting or stimulated insulin levels can provide some insight. Lower than normal fasting insulin might suggest insufficient production, while high insulin levels with high blood sugar could indicate resistance.
Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or young adulthood, often due to an autoimmune attack on insulin-producing cells. Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and can be linked to factors like obesity and family history, which are more indicative of insulin resistance.
Excess weight, particularly around the waist, is a strong risk factor for insulin resistance.
This measures blood sugar levels after a sugary drink. The rise and fall of blood sugar can provide clues about insulin production and sensitivity.
C-peptide, also called a connecting peptide, connects two important molecules:
This is one of the two polypeptide chains that form mature insulin.
This is the other polypeptide chain that forms mature insulin.
By combining these tests and observations, doctors can develop a more nuanced understanding of the underlying cause of impaired glucose regulation. In some cases, both slow insulin production and high insulin resistance might be contributing factors. Treatment will then be tailored to address the specific issues at play.
Fasting | 30 min. after eating | 2 to 3 hours after eating | |
---|---|---|---|
normal | 70 - 100 | 170 - 200 | 120 - 140 |
Impaired | 101 - 125 | 190 - 230 | 140 - 160 |
T2D | 126+ | 220 - 300 | 200+ |
Optimal | 80 - 90 | 90 - 110 | 80 - 90 |
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